Heat a large skillet over medium-high heat until hot, then add the olive oil, shimmering and just starting to smoke.
Add the sliced peppers to the pan and cook for 2-3 minutes, stirring occasionally, until they start to blister and develop charred edges with a smoky aroma.
Push the peppers to one side of the pan and add the minced garlic, cooking for about 30 seconds until fragrant, stirring quickly to prevent burning.
Spread the shrimp in a single layer in the empty side of the pan and cook for 2 minutes without moving, until they start to turn pink on the bottom.
Flip the shrimp using tongs or a spatula, cooking for another 2 minutes until fully pink and opaque, tossing everything together for even color and flavor.
Season with salt and freshly cracked black pepper, then squeeze lemon juice over the mixture and toss to combine, allowing the flavors to meld for about 30 seconds.
Remove from heat and transfer to a serving plate. Serve immediately, garnished with additional lemon or herbs if desired.